Welcome to Google Drive, the new home for Google Docs. Sign in using your Google or gmail account and password Introduction: According to a definition, ‘Brain Drain’, academically also known as the “human capital flight” is the large scale migration of highly educated, skilled and talented people of less economically advanced countries to highly rich and developed countries of the world due to conflicted issues, political instability and lack of opportunities in the developing countries Online education is bad essay. Thatcher essay tkam essay outline. Synthesis essay first paragraph what is a transactional essay gain drain brain essay diwali Brain short essay on — hindi upsc general essay syllabus my music my life essay words, who invented essay writing sample of an exploratory essay write an essay on my hobby pte essay voting is compulsory unity essay in hindi favorite
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Note: This site is moving to KnowledgeJump. Please reset your bookmark. Bloom's Taxonomy of Learning Domains Bloom's Taxonomy was created in under the leadership of educational psychologist Dr Benjamin Bloom in order to brain essay higher forms of thinking in education, such as analyzing and evaluating concepts, processes, procedures, and principlesrather than just remembering facts rote learning. It is most often used when designing educational, training, and learning processes.
The committee identified three domains of educational activities or learning Bloom, et al. Since the work was produced by higher education, the words tend to be a little bigger than we normally use. Domains may be thought of as categories. Instructional designers, trainers, and educators often refer to these three categories as KSA Knowledge [cognitive], Skills [psychomotor], and Attitudes [affective]. While the committee produced an elaborate compilation for the cognitive and affective domains, they omitted the psychomotor domain.
Their explanation for this oversight was that they brain essay little experience in brain essay manual brain essay within the college level. However, there have been at least three psychomotor models created by other researchers. Their compilation divides the three domains into subdivisions, brain essay, starting from the simplest cognitive process or behavior to the most complex.
The divisions outlined are not absolutes and there are other systems or hierarchies that have been devised, such as the Structure of Observed Learning Outcome SOLO. However, Bloom's taxonomy is easily understood and is probably the most widely applied one in use today.
The cognitive domain involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills Bloom, This includes the recall or recognition of specific facts, brain essay, procedural patterns, and concepts that serve in the development of intellectual abilities and skills. There are six major categories of cognitive an processes, starting from the simplest to the most complex see the table below for an in-depth coverage of each category :. The categories can be thought of as degrees of difficulties.
That is, brain essay first ones must normally be mastered before the next one can take place. Lorin Anderson, a former student of Bloom, and David Krathwohl revisited the cognitive domain in the mid-nineties and made some changes, with perhaps the three most prominent ones being Anderson, Krathwohl, Airasian, Cruikshank, Mayer, Pintrich, Raths, Wittrock, :. This new taxonomy reflects a more active form of thinking and is perhaps more accurate.
The new version of Bloom's Taxonomy, brain essay, with examples and keywords is shown below, while the old version may be found here. Examples : Recite a policy. Quote prices from memory to a customer. Recite the safety rules. Key Words : defines, describes, identifies, knows, labels, lists, matches, names, outlines, recalls, recognizes, reproduces, selects, states. Technologies : book marking, flash cards, rote learning based on repetition, reading. Understanding : Comprehending the meaning, brain essay, translation, interpolation, and interpretation of instructions and problems.
State a problem in one's own words. Examples : Rewrite the principles of test writing. Explain in one's own words the steps for performing a complex task. Translate an equation into a computer spreadsheet. Key Words : comprehends, converts, brain essay, defends, distinguishes, brain essay, explains, extends, generalizes, gives an example, infers, interprets, paraphrases, predicts, rewrites, summarizes, translates.
Technologies : create an analogy, participating in cooperative learningtaking notes, storytelling, Internet search. Applying : Use a concept in a new situation or unprompted use of an abstraction.
Applies what was learned in the classroom into novel situations in the work place. Examples : Use a manual to calculate an employee's vacation time. Apply laws of statistics to evaluate the reliability of a written test. Key Words : applies, changes, computes, constructs, demonstrates, discovers, brain essay, manipulates, modifies, operates, predicts, prepares, produces, brain essay, relates, shows, solves, uses.
Technologies : collaborative learningcreate a process, brain essay, blog, practice. Analyzing : Separates material or concepts into component parts so that its brain essay structure may be understood, brain essay. Distinguishes between facts and inferences. Examples : Troubleshoot a piece of equipment by using logical deduction. Recognize logical fallacies in reasoning. Gathers information from a department and selects the required tasks for training. Key Words : analyzes, breaks down, compares, contrasts, diagrams, deconstructs, differentiates, discriminates, brain essay, distinguishes, identifies, illustrates, infers, outlines, relates, selects, separates.
Technologies : Fishbowlsdebating, questioning what happened, run a test. Examples : Select the most effective solution. Hire the most qualified candidate. Explain and justify a new budget, brain essay.
Key Words : appraises, compares, concludes, contrasts, criticizes, critiques, brain essay, describes, discriminates, evaluates, explains, interprets, justifies, relates, summarizes, supports. Creating : Builds a structure or pattern from diverse elements. Put parts together to form a whole, with emphasis on creating a new meaning or structure. Examples : Write a company operations or process manual. Design a machine to perform a specific task. Integrates training from several sources to solve a problem.
Revises and process to improve the outcome. Key Words : categorizes, combines, compiles, composes, creates, devises, designs, explains, generates, modifies, organizes, plans, rearranges, reconstructs, relates, reorganizes, revises, rewrites, summarizes, tells, writes.
Bloom's Revised Taxonomy not only improved the usability of it by using action words, but added a cognitive and knowledge matrix. While Bloom's original cognitive taxonomy did mention three levels of knowledge or products that could be processed, they were not discussed very much and remained one-dimensional:.
In Krathwohl and Brain essay revised version, the authors combine the cognitive processes with the above three levels of knowledge to form a matrix. In addition, they added another level of knowledge - metacognition:. When the cognitive and knowledge dimensions are arranged in a matrix, as shown below, it makes a nice performance aid for creating performance objectives:.
However, brain essay, others have identified five contents or artifacts Clark, Chopeta, ; Clark, Mayer, :. Anderson, L. A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A revision of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives.
Bloom, B. Engelhart, M. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, Handbook I : The Cognitive Domain. New York: David McKay Co Inc. Clark, R. Graphics for Learning : Proven Guidelines for Planning, Designing, and Evaluating Visuals in Training Materials, brain essay. Find out more brain essay me copyright, Brain essay formatting, etc. com ~ by Donald Clark.
Home Site Map About Leadership Training Learning History Knowledge Performance Java Etc. News Blog. The Three Domains of Learning The committee identified three domains of educational activities or learning Bloom, et al. Cognitive Domain The cognitive brain essay involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills Bloom, brain essay, There are six major categories of cognitive an processes, starting from the simplest to the most complex see the table below for an in-depth coverage of each category : Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation The categories can be thought of as degrees of difficulties.
Bloom's Revised Taxonomy Lorin Anderson, a former student of Bloom, and David Krathwohl revisited the cognitive domain in the mid-nineties and made some changes, with perhaps the three most prominent ones being Anderson, Krathwohl, Airasian, Cruikshank, Mayer, brain essay, Pintrich, Raths, Wittrock, : changing the names in the six categories from noun to verb forms rearranging them as shown in the chart below creating a processes and levels of knowledge matrix The chart shown below compares the original taxonomy with the revised one: This new taxonomy reflects a more active form of thinking and is perhaps more accurate.
The new version of Bloom's Taxonomy, with examples and keywords is shown below, while the old version may be found here Table of the Revised Cognitive Domain Category Examples, key words verbs brain essay, and technologies for learning activities Remembering : Recall or retrieve previous learned information.
Key Words : defines, describes, identifies, knows, labels, lists, matches, names, outlines, recalls, recognizes, brain essay, reproduces, selects, states Technologies : book marking, flash cards, rote learning based on repetition, reading Understanding : Comprehending the meaning, translation, interpolation, and interpretation of instructions and problems.
Key Words : comprehends, converts, defends, distinguishes, estimates, explains, extends, generalizes, gives an example, infers, interprets, paraphrases, predicts, rewrites, summarizes, translates Technologies : create an analogy, participating in cooperative learningtaking notes, storytelling, Internet search Applying : Use a concept in a new situation or unprompted use of an abstraction. Key Words : applies, changes, computes, constructs, demonstrates, discovers, manipulates, brain essay, modifies, operates, predicts, prepares, produces, relates, shows, solves, uses Technologies : collaborative learningcreate a process, blog, practice Analyzing : Separates material or concepts into component parts so that its organizational structure may be understood.
Key Words : analyzes, breaks down, compares, contrasts, diagrams, deconstructs, differentiates, discriminates, distinguishes, identifies, brain essay, illustrates, infers, outlines, relates, selects, brain essay, separates Technologies : Fishbowlsdebating, questioning what happened, run a test Evaluating : Make judgments about the value of ideas or materials. Key Words : appraises, compares, concludes, contrasts, criticizes, critiques, defends, describes, discriminates, brain essay, evaluates, explains, interprets, justifies, relates, summarizes, supports Technologies : survey, blogging Creating : Builds a structure or pattern from diverse elements.
Key Words : categorizes, combines, compiles, composes, creates, devises, designs, brain essay, explains, generates, modifies, organizes, plans, rearranges, reconstructs, relates, reorganizes, revises, rewrites, summarizes, tells, writes Technologies : Create a new model, write an essay, network brain essay others Cognitive Processes and Levels of Knowledge Matrix Bloom's Revised Taxonomy not only improved the usability of it by using action words, but added a brain essay and knowledge brain essay. While Bloom's original cognitive taxonomy did mention three levels of knowledge or products that could be processed, they were not discussed very much and remained one-dimensional: Factual - The basic elements students must know to be acquainted with a discipline or solve problems.
Conceptual — The interrelationships among the basic elements brain essay a larger structure that enable them to function together. Procedural - How to do something, methods of inquiry, and criteria for using skills, algorithms, techniques, and methods.
When the cognitive and knowledge dimensions are arranged in a matrix, as shown below, it makes a nice performance aid for creating performance objectives: The Cognitive Dimension The Knowledge Dimension Remember Under-stand Apply Analyze Evaluate Create Factual Conceptual Procedural Metacognitive However, others have identified five contents or artifacts Clark, Chopeta, ; Clark, Mayer, : Facts - Specific and unique data or instance, brain essay. Concepts - A class of items, words, or ideas that are known by a common name, includes multiple specific examples, shares common features, brain essay.
There are two types of concepts: concrete and abstract. Processes - A flow of events or activities that describe how things work rather than how to do things. There are normally two types: business processes that describe work flows and technical processes that describe how things work in equipment or nature. They may be thought of as the big picture, of how something works. Procedures - A series of step-by-step actions and decisions that result in the achievement of a task. There are two types of actions: linear and branched.
Principles - Guidelines, rules, and parameters that govern.
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